Small Turtle, Glen Burnie, Maryland, May 2019. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
Red Cornsnake (Pantherosphis guttatus), Dept. of Natural Resources exhibit, Maryland State Fair, Timonium, Maryland, September 2015. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.
Eastern Snapping Turtle (Chelydra s. serpentina), Annapolis, Maryland, May 2012. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
As diverse as their types, Maryland reptiles have many options during the colder months. In addition to hibernation and migration, brumation is a trait unique to reptiles. When reptiles brumate, they remain semi-dormant, going months without food. Still, they remain aware of their surroundings, but only move to secure water.
Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene c. carolina), Glen Burnie, Maryland, June 2015. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
Northern Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys t. terrapin), Dept. of Natural Resources exhibit, Maryland State Fair, Timonium, Maryland, September 2015. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.
Eastern Ratsnake (Pantherosphis alleghaniensis), Glen Burnie, Maryland, May 2015. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
Whether possessing flippers, feet, or nothing at all, numerous examples of Maryland's reptile populace are on display at the National Aquarium in Baltimore.
Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene c. carolina), Glen Burnie, Maryland, June 2017. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
Brownsnake, Dekay's (Storeia d. dekayi)
Cooter, Northern Red-bellied (Pseudemys rubriventris)
Copperhead, Eastern (Agkistrodon contortrix)
Cornsnake, Red (Pantherosphis guttatus)
Earthsnake, Mountain (Virginia valeriae pulchra)
Earthsnake, Smooth (Virginia valeriae)
Gartersnake, Common (Thamnophis sirtalis)
Gecko, Mediterranean (Hemidactylus turcicus)
Greensnake, Rough (Opheodrys aestivus)
Kingsnake, Eastern (Lampropeltis getula getula)
Kingsnake, Northern Mole (Lampropeltis rhombomaculata)
Eastern Kingsnake, Glen Burnie, Maryland, May 2015. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
Milksnake, Coastal Plain (Lampropeltis triangulum elapsoides X triangulum)
Milksnake, Eastern (Lampropeltis triangulum)
Pinesnake, Eastern (Pituophis melanoleucus)
Queensnake (Regina septemvittata)
Racer, North American (Coluber constrictor)
Racerunner, Six-lined (Aspidoscelis s. sexlineatus)
Ribbonsnake, Eastern (Thamnophis sauritus)
Scarletsnake (Cemophora coccinea)
Seaturtle, Atlantic Hawksbill (Eretmochelys i. imbricata)
Seaturtle, Green (Chelonia mydas)
Seaturtle, Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii)
Seaturtle, Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea)
Seaturtle, Loggerhead (Caretta caretta)
Skink, Broad-headed (Plestiodon laticeps)
Skink, Coal (Plestiodon anthracinus)
Slider, Red-eared (Trachemys scripta)
Snake, Eastern Hog-nosed (Heterodon platirhinos)
Snake, Northern Ring-necked (Diadophis punctatus edwardsii)
Snake, Rainbow (Farancia erytrogramma)
Snake, Red-bellied (Storeria occipitomaculata)
Snake, Southern Ring-necked (Diadophis punctatus punctatus)
Terrapin, Northern Diamondback (Malaclemys t. terrapin)
Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene c. carolina), Glen Burnie, Maryland, June 2017 (left), June 2015 (right). Photos by Diane F. Evartt.
Turtle, Eastern Musk (Sternotherus odoratus)
Turtle, Eastern Painted (Chrysemys picta picta)
Turtle, Midland Painted (Chrysemys picta marginata)
Turtle, Northern Map (Graptemys geographica)
Turtle, Spotted (Clemmys guttata)
Turtle, Wood (Glyptemys insculpta)
Watersnake, Common (Nerodia sipedon)
Watersnake, Plain-bellied (Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster)
Wormsnake, Common (Carphophis amoenus)
© Copyright Maryland State Archives
Carnivore; nocturnal; serpentes; approx. 15 inches long; gray-brown color, with lighter dorsal stripe edged in black spots. Can live as long as seven years; prefers rocky terrain, but commonly occurs in urban and suburban areas. Formerly known as Northern Brownsnake.
Herbivore; testudines; 10 to 12 inches long; weighs up to 10 lbs.; distinct bright red "belly", with dark brown to black patterns. Also known as American Red-bellied Turtle.
Poisonous; carnivore; serpentes; 4 to 36 inches long; color ranges from tan to brown, with distinct "hourglass-shaped" bands of darker color (although not all bands will be this shape); juveniles possess yellow tail, used to draw prey. Prefers coniferous forests and swamps. While mistaken for northern water snake, copperhead bands are wider at belly, and taper to spine. Also known as American Copperhead, Death Adder, and Moccasin. Formerly known as Northern Copperhead.
Carnivore; diuranal; serpentes; hibernates during winter months; 4 to 6 feet long; orange to brown-yellow scales, with black outlined patches of red along spine; skilled climber. Can live as long as twenty years; prefers overgrown fields, meadows and marshes. Also known as Red Ratsnake.
Carnivore; serpentes; 7 to 13 inches long; brown, gray, or red in color; prefers coniferous forests, mountainous terrain. Mistaken for eastern smooth earthsnake, but mountain earthsnake scales are more keeled, or rough.
Classified as Endangered in Maryland.
Carnivore; serpentes; 7 to 10 inches long; brown, gray, or red in color; burrower. While mistaken for mountain earthsnake, eastern smooth earthsnake scales are more flush and smooth. First recorded specimen, Kent County.
Carnivore; serpentes; 18 to 26 inches long; hibernates during winter months; dark green in color; distinct three stripe pattern ranging from gray to yellow. Can live up to ten years; prefers marshes, meadows, and gardens. Formerly known as Eastern Copperhead.
Insectivore; nocturnal; up to 5 inches in length; large eyes; body generally gray-light brown with dark spots and tubercles on top, white on bottom, but some are translucent or dark in color; sticky toe pads; striped tails. Lives around houses. Makes squeaking sound.
Introduced species in Maryland.
Insectivore; diurnal; serpentes; 20 to 30 inches long; bright green body with white to yellow bellies. While mistaken for smooth green snake, rough green snake scales are more keeled, or rough. Formerly known as Northern Rough Snake.
Greensnake, Smooth (Opheodrys vernalis)
Insectivore; serpentes; bright green body, with off-white belly; 12 to 36 inches long; Prefers meadows and prairies. Mistaken for rough green snake, but smooth green snake scales are more flush, and smooth. Also known as Grass Snake.
Carnivore; serpentes; diurnal; shiny black body, with distinct white or yellow bands; 36 to 48 inches long; usually found near bodies of water. Resistant to venom, eastern kingsnake diet may include copperheads and rattlesnakes. Also known as Chain Snake.
Carnivore; serpentes; nocturnal; 30 to 40 inches long; smooth, shiny body that is brown or olive with brown-red blotches on back and sides; yellow-brown belly. Lives in other animals' burrows or in the soil. Formerly known as Mole Kingsnake.
Lizard, Eastern Fence (Sceloporus udulatus)
Insectivore; lacertilia; 4 to 7.3 inches long; ranges from gray to brown. Female has black stripes along back. During mating season, male shows distinct bright blue patches on throat and belly. Prefers forests, and spends most of its life in trees.
Carnivore; serpentes; nocturnal; non-venomous; 24 to 36 inches long; red-black blotches on back; light neck collar. Intergrade of the Scarlet Kingsnake and Eastern Milksnake.
Carnivore; serpentes; nocturnal; non-venomous; 24 to 36 inches long; slender body that is tan or brown with 32 or more red and black blotches down body in rows; gray or tan "Y,"- "V,"- "U,"- or "A"-shaped pattern at base of neck; checkerboard belly.
Carnivore; serpentes; body is light brown, covered in patches of black, and dark or reddish browns; 48 to 66 inches long. Prefers coniferous forests, and farmland.
Also known as Common Pinesnake. Formerly known as Northern Pinesnake.
Classified as Endangered/Extirpated in Maryland.
Carnivore; serpentes; diurnal; semi-aquatic; non-venomous; 13.5 to 23 inches long; color is brown or dark green on the top with a yellow stripe on the bottom; yellow-white belly with four dark stripes.
Carnivore; serpentes; Dark gray to black coloring; averages 71 inches long. While classified in the constrictor species, the Black Racer actually does not constrict. Instead, it pins its prey by coiling around it, then swallows it whole. Formerly known as Northern Black Racer.
Insectivore; diurnal; lacertilia; hibernates; 6 to 9.5 inches long; tail is usually two-thirds of total length; ranges in color from dark green to black, with six distinct yellow to green stripes running from head to tail. Prefers grasslands with dry soil. Formerly known as Eastern Six-lined Racerunner.
Ratsnake, Eastern (Pantherosphis alleghaniensis)
Carnivore; serpentes; 47 to 72 inches long; completely black except for white chin and throat. Checkerboard pattern on belly. Prefers deciduous forests; nests in hollow trees, or empty rodent dens. Also known as Black Rat Snake.
Eastern Ratsnake (Pantherosphis alleghaniensis), Glen Burnie, Maryland, May 2015. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
Rattlesnake, Timber (Crotalus horridus)
Poisonous; carnivore; serpentes; 35 to 60 inches long; distinct head is noticably wider than body, with "rattle" on tip of tail. Prefers deciduous forests, and rocky terrain.
Placed on Watchlist.
Carnivore; serpentes; diurnal; non-venomous; semi-aquatic; brown head, black body, three yellow or cream stripes down back; 18 to 26 inches long. Formerly known as Common Ribbonsnake.
Carnivore; serpentes; diurnal; non-venomous; 14 to 20 inches long; red and white or yellow blotches separated by black lines; prefers sandy soils in pine woods. Formerly known as Northern Scarletsnake.
Placed on Watchlist.
Carnivore; testudines; 30 to 35 inches long; brown, green, or black shield-shaped top shell, though some have the "tortoise shell" pattern; yellow bottom shell, chin, and throat; four overlapping scutes on each side of top shell; two pairs of scales between eyes.
Classified as Endangered in Maryland.
Carnivore; testudines; 36 to 48 inches long; olive, brown, gray, or black oval or heart-shaped top shell; cream or yellow bottom shell; four scutes on each side of top shell; one pair of scales between eyes.
Classified as Threatened.
Carnivore; testudines; 23 to 27.5 inches long; olive green, gray, or black heart-shaped top shell; bottom shell is white; gray or olive head and flippers; five scutes on each side of top shell.
Classified as Endangered.
Carnivore; testudines; largest sea turtle; 53 to 70 inches long; brown or black top shell covered with leathery skin and may have white or pink blotches; seven ridges along body; white bottom shell has five ridges; head and limbs are black or green with white or pink blotches.
Classified as Endangered.
Carnivore; testudines; 31 to 45 inches long; weighs 170 to 350 lbs.; yellow-brown skin, with reddish-brown shell. Distinguished by disproportionately large head. Largest hard-shelled turtle in world.
Classified as Threatened.
Carnivore; lacertilia; juveniles possess striped faces and bright blue tails; adult females retain striped face, while male faces turn red to orange; blue tail fades with age.
Carnivore; lacertilia; 4.5 to 7 inches long; four light stripes on back and wider stripes on side; males have orange-red markings on the sides of the head. Formerly known as Northern Coal Skink.
Classified as Endangered in Maryland.
Skink, Common Five-lined (Plestiodon fasciatus)
Carnivore; lacertilia; 5 to 8.5 inches long; juveniles have five white or yellow stripes on the head, a black body, and blue tail; adult females have the stripes, but a brown body; adult males have some stripes and are tan or olive with jaws that turn orange during mating season.
Common Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon fasciatus), Glen Burnie, Maryland, July 2011. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
Skink, Little Brown (Scincella lateralis)
Carnivore; lacertilia; 3 to 5.8 inches long; gold or brown body with dark stripe; light belly. Also known as Ground Skink.
Omnivore; testudines; brumates during winter months; 8-13 inches long; distinct red stripe on each side of head.
Carnivore; serpentes; diurnal; 20 to 33 inches long; color varies from yellow, brown, gray, orange or red with dark blotches to black or dark gray; upturned snout; hiss then play dead when approached.
Carnivore; serpentes; diurnal; non-venomous; 10 to 15 inches long; cream-yellow neck collar; yellow belly that may have black spots; gray, black or brown back. Formerly known as Ring-necked Snake.
Carnivore; serpentes; nocturnal; semi-aquatic; 36 to 44 inches long; glossy, iridescent body; three red stripes on a blue-black body; red belly with black spots.
Classified as Endangered in Maryland.
Insectivore; serpentes; nocturnal; non-venomous; 8 to 10 inches long; three cream spots on neck; red belly; black marks on sides and head; light brown, gray, or black body with thin black stripes. Formerly known as Northern Red-bellied Snake.
Carnivore; serpentes; diurnal; non-venomous; 10 to 15 inches long; cream-yellow neck collar that is broken or notched; yellow belly that has half-moon-shaped spots; gray, black or brown back. Formerly known as Ring-necked Snake.
Carnivore; testudines; 4 to 9 inches long; gray, brown, green, yellow, or black wedge-shaped top shell; concentric rings on each scute; small knobs run down the top shell; head and limbs are gray with black flecks; black "mustache" above yellow or pink lips. State Reptile of Maryland.
Northern Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys t. terrapin), Tawes Building, Dept. of Natural Resources, Annapolis, Maryland, April 2009 (left), October 2009 (right). Photos by Diane F. Evartt.
Turtle, Bog (Glyptemys muhlenbergii)
Omnivore; testudines; 3.5 to 4 inches long; top shell is black, olive, or brown and has knobs; scutes may have red or yellow starbursts in center; bottom shell is black with cream blotches; yellow, orange, or red patch on sides of head.
Classified as Threatened.
Turtle, Eastern Box (Terrapene c. carolina)
Omnivore; estudines; 4.5 to 6 inches long; black or brown high dome-like top shell with knobs and yellow, orange, or olive patterns; scutes have concentric rings; bottom shell is hinged; eyes are red (males) or yellow-brown (female).
Turtle, Eastern Mud (Kinosternon s. subrubrum)
Herbivore; estudines; 2.8 to 4 inches long; brown or yellow oval-shaped top shell; two hinges; triangular scutes.
Omnivore; estudines; 2 to 4.5 inches long; black or brown top shell is arched; two yellow or white stripes on head, neck, chin, and throat. Also known as the Stinkpot.
Omnivore; testudines; 4.5 to 6 inches long; olive or black top shell with red markings on edge; scutes are in lines; yellow spots on either side of head and yellow striped along jaw and through eyes; black head; yellow or orange belly.
Turtle, Eastern Snapping (Chelydra s. serpentina)
Omnivore; Testudines; 9.8 to 19 inches long; weighs from 10 to 35 pounds; long tail which is saw-toothed along upper side; long claws. Lives 30-40 years; lays average of 50 eggs between April-Nov. Prefers shallow ponds, lakes, and streams. Aggressive on land. Largest freshwater turtle in Maryland.
Eastern Snapping Turtle (Chelydra s. serpentina), Annapolis, Maryland, May 2012. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.
Turtle, Eastern Spiny Softshelled (Apalone s. spinifera)
Omnivore; testudines; 8 to 16 inches long; tan top shell has black circles, is flat and leathery, not scaled, and has spines at the front; bottom shell is white or yellow; elongated snout and large nostrils.
Classified as In Need of Conservation.
Omnivore; testudines; 4.5 to 7 inches long; olive or black top shell with red markings on edge; scutes are not in lines, but alternate; yellow spots on either side of head and yellow striped along jaw and through eyes; black head; gray shadows on belly.
Omnivore; testudines; 3.5 to 11 inches long; olive top shell with yellow-orange lines and knobbed; bottom shell is yellow; yellow spot behind eyes; light-colored jaw.
Classified as Endangered in Maryland.
Omnivore; estudines; 3.5 to 4.5 inches long; black top shell has yellow or orange spots and is slightly dome-shaped; eyes are brown (males) or orange (females).
Omnivore; testudines; 5.5 to 7.5 inches; top shell looks like wood; scutes are knobbed; bottom shell is yellow with black markings; nicknamed the "redleg" turtle due to the coloring on the bottom of chin and legs.
Carnivore; serpentes; semi-aquatic; hibernates during winter months; saliva is mild anticoagulant, but poses little risk to humans. Mistaken for copperheads, but northern water snake bands are wider at spine, and taper to belly. Formerly known as Northern Watersnake.
Carnivore; serpentes; semi-aquatic; non-venomous; 30 to 48 inches long; brown or black back; red-orange belly and throat; thick body. Formerly known as Red-bellied Watersnake.
Carnivore; serpentes; nocturnal; non-venomous. Looks like an earthworm; brown body with pink body; 7.5 to 11 inches long; burrows in soil. Formerly known as Eastern Wormsnake.
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